Laser de alta potência no tratamento da pigmentação gengival: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Lima, Johanna Vieira Costa; Rodrigues, Maria Helena Coelho; Pereira, Carla Kuroki Kawamoto; Pereira, Sérgio Luís da Silva

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Brasil

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia

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Brasil

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Sumário

Original • Rev Gaúch. Odontol. 72 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-86372024001020230016 copiar

Laser de alta potência no tratamento da pigmentação gengival: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo:

O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar se há efetividade do laser de alta potência no tratamento da pigmentação melânica gengival.

Métodos:

Esta pesquisa constitui-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada no período de setembro de 2021 a maio de 2022 buscando responder à seguinte pergunta: “Qual é a efetividade clínica do laser no tratamento da pigmentação melânica gengival?”. Os artigos foram analisados por duas pesquisadoras e as informações dos artigos foram coletadas com ênfase nos seguintes dados: autores, ano de publicação, objetivos do estudo, metodologia, resultados e conclusão.

Resultados:

Dos 16 artigos selecionados inicialmente, 08 foram excluídos, sendo 03 revisões da literatura, 04 relatórios de estágio e 1 trabalho de conclusão de curso. Desta forma, 08 artigos foram selecionados.

Conclusão:

Dentre diversos tipos de lasers e técnicas para sua utilização, o laser, especialmente o laser de diodo, foi a técnica mais utilizada e apresentou melhores resultados estéticos, menos dor, cicatrização mais rápida, preferência e satisfação dos pacientes após o tratamento. São necessários mais ensaios de controle randomizado de boa qualidade em diferentes técnicas usadas atualmente para gerar conclusões com alta evidência cientifica.

Termos de indexação
Gengiva; Terapia a laser; Melanose

Author	Year of publication	Títle	Objective	Conclusion
Mahajan et al. [11]	2017	To compare the gingival melanin repigmentation after diode laser application and surgical removal.	To compare the gingival melanin repigmentation after diode laser application and surgical removal.	The incidence of repigmentation was slightly lower at laser-treated sites compared to surgical depigmentation, although the difference was statistically significant at up to 3 months.
Bakhshi et al. [9]	2018	Gingival depigmentation by Er, Cr: YSGG laser and diode laser: a split mouth, clinical trial study Lasers in gingival depigmentation	To evaluate the efficacy of diode laser and Er,Cr:YSGG laser ablation in the treatment of physiological gingival melanin hyperpigmentation	The diode laser was more efficient in reducing the DOPI and Edin melanin index scores.
Gholami et al. [12]	2018	Comparison of gingival depigmentation with Er, Cr: YSGG laser and surgical stripping, a 12-month follow-up	To compare the surgical pattern/removal method with two different laser configurations Er,Cr:YSGG in order to find the best treatment method	Configuration 2 of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser, with longer pulse duration and less water spray, resulted in better coagulation effects and can be used to control hemorrhage whenever necessary in clinical practice
Mojahedi et al. [13]	2018	Effect of 810 nm diode laser on physiologic gingival pigmentation	To evaluate the efficacy of diode laser for the treatment of physiological gingival pigmentation	Diode laser therapy is an effective and minimally invasive modality for gingival depigmentation.
Vassoler et al. [14]	2019	Gingival melanin depigmentation with diode laser-case report	To report a clinical case of the gingival depigmentation technique using a high-power diode laser in the anterior region of the jaw, to ablate pigmented tissue to improve gingival aesthetics.	The diodo laser was a good alternative to melanin depigmentation because it is a procedure with lower morbidity and satisfactory postoperative results.
Nammour et al. [10]	2020	A randomized comparative clinical study to evaluate the longevity of esthetic results of gingival melanin depigmentation treatment using different laser wavelengths (diode, CO2, and Er: YAG).	To evaluate the longevity of gingival depigmentation and the consistency of aesthetic results using three wavelengths (Er:YAG laser, CO2 laser and diode laser, 980 nm) in two different groups (smokers and non-smokers).	The diode laser provides the longest-term stability in treatment. Smoking negatively affects the longevity of gingival depigmentation. The Er laser has the shortest time before the reappearance of gingival pigmentation.
Agha & Manaf [15]	2020	Laser treatment for melanin gingival pigmentations: a comparison study for 3 laser wavelengths 2780, 940, and 445 nm	To compare the results of three lasers (Er, Cr, YSGG 2780 nm, Diode 940 nm, and 445 nm) in the removal of gingival melanin depigmentation	All three wavelengths were fast, effective in removing pigmentation, and well tolerated by patients. The aesthetic results were excellent, and the patients were highly satisfied.
Altayeb et al. [16]	2021	Gingival depigmentation with diode and Er, Cr: YSGG laser: evaluating re-pigmentation rate and patient perceptions	To evaluate the efficiency of depigmentation, patient perception, and recurrence rates of physiological gingival pigments during a 2-year follow-up after ablative depigmentation using two laser wavelengths: diode 940 nm and Er,Cr:YSGG 2780 Nm.	Both lasers effectively removed gingival pigments. Diode laser treatment showed better long-term stability of gingival color, with a lower incidence of repigmentation.

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[1] Correspondence to: JVC Lima. E-mail: johannavcostalima@gmail.com.